Rescue inhaler: quick, clear guide to using albuterol and other relievers

A rescue inhaler (often albuterol) opens tight airways fast. People use it for sudden asthma symptoms, wheeze, cough, or shortness of breath. This page gives step-by-step use, when to call for help, and common safety tips you can actually use.

When and how to use a rescue inhaler

Use your rescue inhaler when you feel sudden chest tightness, wheezing, fast breathing, or trouble speaking from breathlessness. If you have an action plan from your clinician, follow that first. If not, the usual approach is 1–2 puffs, wait about 60 seconds, then repeat once if needed. Most inhalers deliver about 90 mcg per puff, but check your device and follow your prescription.

How to take a puff the right way: shake the canister, breathe out fully, put the mouthpiece between your teeth and seal with your lips, press the canister while you breathe in slowly and deeply, hold your breath for 5–10 seconds, then breathe out. If you have trouble coordinating press-and-inhale, use a spacer — it makes inhaler use easier and more effective, especially for kids.

For children, dosing and technique vary. Many clinics recommend using a spacer with a mask for toddlers and a spacer with mouthpiece for older kids. Always check with your child's healthcare provider for exact instructions and dosing.

Safety, side effects and storage

Common side effects include tremor, fast heartbeat, jitteriness, and headache. These usually pass quickly. If you feel severe chest pain, fainting, or swelling of the face or throat, get emergency help right away. Keep track of how often you use your rescue inhaler — frequent use (for example daily or several times a week) usually means your asthma or COPD needs better control and you should see your provider.

Store the inhaler at room temperature, away from heat and direct sunlight. Don’t freeze it. Check the expiration date and the dose counter if your inhaler has one. If the canister feels cold or the spray looks different, replace it. Clean the mouthpiece weekly by wiping or rinsing according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Tips that help: carry your rescue inhaler with you, prime a new inhaler per the leaflet, keep a spare at home, and always have a spacer if you struggle with timing. If you travel, bring prescription info and keep the inhaler in carry-on luggage.

If you need more than 2 rescue inhaler uses per week for symptom relief (not counting exercise prevention), or if you wake at night with symptoms, schedule a visit with your clinician. They may change or add controller medicine to reduce attacks. If symptoms get worse quickly or a rescue inhaler doesn't help within 15–20 minutes, call emergency services.

Questions about your inhaler? Talk to your pharmacist or clinician — they can show you technique, check dosing, and suggest a spacer that fits. Knowing how and when to use a rescue inhaler makes a real difference when breathing gets hard.