Lemon eucalyptus (OLE/PMD): a plant-based mosquito repellent that works

Want a plant-based repellent that actually helps keep mosquitoes away? Oil of lemon eucalyptus (often labeled OLE or listed as p-menthane-3,8-diol / PMD) is one of the few natural options backed by public health agencies and research. It’s not a miracle cure, but it can be a good choice if you prefer a botanical product.

What it is and how it works

OLE comes from the leaves of the lemon eucalyptus tree. Manufacturers process the oil to make PMD, the active ingredient that repels mosquitoes. PMD interferes with a mosquito’s ability to find you, reducing bites. Look for the active name on the label—either “oil of lemon eucalyptus” or “p-menthane-3,8-diol.”

Compared to other repellents, OLE/PMD performs well. The CDC lists it as an effective option. In many tests PMD gives protection similar to low-to-moderate DEET concentrations for several hours. Still, high-concentration DEET usually gives longer, more consistent protection in heavy mosquito areas.

How to use OLE safely and smartly

Follow the product label. Apply to exposed skin and clothing—not under clothes—and avoid eyes, mouth, and broken skin. Don’t put repellent on children’s hands. OLE products should not be used on children under 3 years old; for infants and toddlers, choose a repellent labeled safe for their age.

If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your healthcare provider before using any repellent. If you get a rash, irritation, or breathing problems after use, stop and seek medical advice.

Reapply only as the label directs. If you’re also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen first and reapply more often as needed—sunscreen may need more frequent reapplication than repellent. Don’t mix repellents and sunscreens in the same spray or lotion unless the product is made for that purpose.

Skip DIY lemon eucalyptus oil on the skin. Homemade or undiluted essential oils don’t match the tested PMD levels and can cause burns or allergic reactions. Buy a commercial product that lists OLE or PMD and follow instructions.

Want extra protection? Use treated clothing (permethrin-treated) and bed nets in high-risk areas. Store OLE products in a cool, dry place away from children and pets.

Bottom line: if you want a plant-based repellent that works, oil of lemon eucalyptus is a solid choice for adults and older children. Check labels, follow directions, and pick the right product for the situation—especially when traveling to areas with disease-carrying mosquitoes.